Leakage in buried water pipelines leads to increased water losses and reduced efficiency in distribution networks. Considering the limitations of surface and groundwater resources, specific geographical and climatic conditions, and the aging of urban water distribution systems, the issue of water leakage and its associated problems is becoming increasingly significant, especially within water supply networks. Moreover, the use of non-standard pipes and fittings further complicates leak control and detection. Consequently, the adoption of various methods for identifying and controlling water leakage has gained considerable importance. Today, advancements in science and technology allow for precise leak detection without the need for costly and time-consuming excavations, and without relying on visible surface indications. In many developed countries, online leak detection systems are employed as effective tools for managing water losses. Therefore, the performance and efficiency of these devices, which incorporate the latest global technologies, have been investigated and evaluated. In this study, leakage detection methods for pipe–soil systems are reviewed and compared. The findings highlight the necessity of selecting an appropriate leak detection technique based on the physical characteristics of the network.