مجله علمی صوت و ارتعاش

مجله علمی صوت و ارتعاش

هیدروفون‌ها و آرایه‌های هیدروفونی: تعاریف و کاربردها

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه تفرش-ایران
2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک دانشگاه تفرش
چکیده
در بستر اقیانوس‌ها و دریاها، صدا یکی از مؤثرترین ابزارهای ارتباطی و تحلیلی به‌شمار می‌رود، به‌ویژه در محیط‌هایی که نور به سختی نفوذ می‌کند. در این میان، هیدروفون‌ها، به‌عنوان حسگرهای تخصصی آکوستیک در زیر آب، نقش کلیدی در آشکارسازی، پایش و تحلیل پدیده‌های صوتی ایفا می‌کنند. این دستگاه‌ها با تبدیل امواج فشاری صوت به سیگنال‌های الکتریکی، امکان شنود و ثبت صداهای زیرسطحی را برای اهداف علمی، صنعتی و نظامی فراهم می‌سازند. در این مقاله، به معرفی اصول عملکرد هیدروفون‌ها، انواع طراحی و پارامترهای کلیدی آن‌ها پرداخته شده و سپس کاربردهای چندگانه آن‌ها از جمله در مطالعات زیست‌محیطی (ردیابی نهنگ‌ها و دلفین‌ها)، پایش لرزه‌ای و فعالیت‌های زمین‌ساختی، نظارت بر ترافیک دریایی، عملیات ضدزیردریایی، و تست‌های صوتی صنعتی زیر آب مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. همچنین به چالش‌های فنی نظیر نویز محیطی، اعوجاج سیگنال و کالیبراسیون اشاره شده و راهکارهای نوین مانند هیدروفون‌های مبتنی بر فیبر نوری و آرایه‌های هوشمند صوتی معرفی می‌گردد. به طور کلی هدف این مقاله، ارتقای درک عمومی درباره نقش کلیدی فناوری هیدروفون‌ها و آرایه‌های هیدروفونی در آکوستیک زیر آب و پایش محیط‌های دریایی است.


 


 

 
 
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Hydrophones and Hydrophone Arrays: Definitions and Applications

نویسندگان English

Omid Kazemi Ahouei 1
Abolfazl Hasani Baferani 2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tafresh University, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering Tafresh University
چکیده English

In oceans and seas, sound is a powerful way to communicate and analyze, especially in environments where light is hard to penetrate. Hydrophones, which are specialized underwater acoustic sensors, play a vital role in detecting, monitoring, and analyzing acoustic phenomena. These devices can listen and record subsurface sounds for scientific, industrial, and military applications by converting sound pressure waves into electrical signals. This article introduces the principles of hydrophone operation, design types, and key parameters, and then discusses their multiple applications, including environmental studies (whale and dolphin tracking), seismic monitoring and geotechnical activities, maritime traffic monitoring, anti-submarine operations, and industrial underwater acoustic testing. In addition, it satisfies technical difficulties such as ambient noise, signal distortion, and calibration, and introduces innovative solutions such as fiber-optic hydrophones and smart acoustic arrays. The purpose of this article is to educate the public about the essential role of hydrophone and hydrophone array technology in underwater acoustics and marine environmental monitoring.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Hydrophone
hydrophone array
underwater acoustics
passive sonar
maritime surveillance
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